Planar heater for liquid crystal element

ABSTRACT

A planer heater includes a thin metal plate having a relatively high specific resistance such as stainless, nichrome, nickel-chrome iron alloy, etc. The thin metal plate is subjected to etching-working to form a mesh-like heat generating body, opposite ends of which are provided with terminal portions for connection into an electrical circuit.

This is a division of application Ser. No. 459,239, filed Jan. 19, 1983.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a heater for a liquid crystal element.

The working characteristic of a liquid crystal element is greatlyaffected by the environmental temperature. As the temperature decreases,the responsiveness of the element is reduced and when the temperaturereaches approximately -30° C., this results in a difficulty in actualuse. However, the liquid crystal element is not always used only in theenvironment of normal temperature, and for example, for those used asvarious displays for automobiles, they are desired to provide normaloperation even at a temperature of approximately -30° C.

In the past, in liquid crystal elements used under the environmentalconditions as described above, a heat generating body is integrallydisposed about the element, to which current is applied to therebyprotect it from an environment of low temperature. However, this methodmakes it difficult to bring the whole element to an even temperature,thus failing to obtain a satisfactory result.

This invention has been achieved to cope with these circumstances. It isan object of the invention to provide a heater for a liquid crystalelement which involves no difficulty in actual use even under theenvironment of low temperature.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a front view of a heater in accordance with the presentinvention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged front view showing a part of a heat generatingportion;

FIG. 3 is front view of a terminal portion of the heater;

FIG. 4 is a side view of the heater looking at the righthand side ofFIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing the heater of FIG. 1 in use;

FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing the arrangement of the heater on thefront surface of the liquid crystal element;

FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing the arrangement of the heater on therear surface of the liquid crystal element;

FIG. 8 is a side sectional view showing the arrangement of the heater onthe rear surface of the side mirror of an automobile;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing the heater which is used to heat anelectro-luminescence element; and

FIGS. 10a and 10b are respectively side and sectional views showing theheater which is disposed together with a lens of a head lamp for theautomobile.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention will now be described in detail with reference toan embodiment shown in the drawings. FIG. 1 is a front view of a heaterin accordance with the present invention, which heater is formed of amaterial which is conductive and has a high specific resistance, forexample, such as stainless, nichrome or nickel-chrome iron alloy. Theheater is formed into a substantially parallelogram shape and comprisesterminal portions 1, 1 on opposite ends thereof and a mesh-like heatgenerating portion 2 formed in the whole area except said terminalportions 1, 1. The heat generating portion 2 is shown in detail in FIG.2 and has a mesh-like form as shown in order to evenly heat the wholesurface area of the liquid crystal element, which will be describedlater.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 in detail, the terminal portions 1, 1 havespaces for connection of conductive lead wires 3, and the lead wires 3are connected in openings 1a, 1a (see FIG. 1) bored therein to formconductive paths. Ring-like washers 4 are connected to the ends of thelead wires 3, which are respectively connected to said openings 1a, 1aby caulking through eyelets 5.

It will be noted that the shape of the heater can be formed incorrespondence to the shape of the liquid crystal element used. If theliquid crystal element is, for example, square, the heat generatingportion 2 is also formed into a shape corresponding thereto.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing the heater of the present inventionemployed in a liquid crystal. Reference numeral 6 designates a liquidcrystal element, 7 a semi-permeable reflecting plate, 8 a photo-guidewhere the liquid crystal element 6 is displayed by back illumination,and 9 a light source for providing the back illumination. The heatgenerating portion 2 of the heater in accordance with the presentinvention is interposed between the reflecting plate 7 and the guideplate 8. Reference numeral 10 designates a power source for conductionof the heater.

Accordingly, in the heater of the present invention, it is possible tosubstantially evenly heat the entire area of the liquid crystal element6 and therefore, it is possible to obtain a clear display even in a lowtemperature environment without producing phenomena such asirregularities in display. Particularly, the heater portion 2 is formedinto a mesh-like configuration, and therefore, it is advantageous inthat the mesh-like configuration intercepts only a small amount of thelight illuminated from the light source 9.

Embodiment 1

A stainless plate (SUS-304) having plate thickness 40μ, width 115 mm andlength 245 mm was subjected to etching working to form mesh-likeopenings 2a (see FIG. 2). These openings 2a have dimensions of a=1.38mm, b=0.69 mm and c, d=0.064 mm.

The heater thus obtained was arranged as shown in FIG. 5, and left aloneunder the environment of -30° C. for sufficient cooling and thereafter,the temperatures of the liquid crystal element 6 were measured to obtainthe following results. An applied voltage was 12 V, and a consumed powerwas 130 W.

    ______________________________________                                        Time of passage (sec.)                                                                        0      80       120  180                                      ______________________________________                                        Surface temperature                                                                           -30    0        +12  +33                                      of liquid crystal                                                             element (°C.)                                                          ______________________________________                                         (Note) The surface temperature of the liquid crystal element was measured     at point e of FIG. 5.                                                    

Embodiment 2

A stainless plate (SUS-304) having a plate thickness 30μ was used toform a heat generating portion 2 similar to the former, and themeasurement was performed to obtain the following results. An appliedvoltage was 12 V and a consumed power was 90 W. The temperature of theliquid crystal element was measured at the same position as that of theprevious case.

    ______________________________________                                        Time of passage (sec.)                                                                        0      80       120  180                                      ______________________________________                                        surface temperature                                                                           -30    -30      +5   +20                                      of liquid crystal                                                             element (°C.)                                                          ______________________________________                                    

In either case, it was possible to obtain the elements which provide anexcellent responsiveness and clear displaying action in a few minutesafter commencement of conduction. Since the heat generating portion 2 isformed into a mesh-like form, there provides a good permeable property,which permeability in the aforementioned example was 97%. Accordingly,even in the case which requires back illumination, effective heating isattained while shielding only a small amount of the light.

As described above, in accordance with the present invention, aplate-like metal member having a relatively high specific resistance issubjected to etching-working to form a mesh-like heat generatingportion. Therefore, the element of the invention has the effect that thewhole area of the liquid crystal element may be evenly heated, thatclear displaying action may be obtained even under the environment oflow temperature which has heretofore made the device unusable, and thatthe range of utilizing the liquid crystal element may be extended. Inaddition, the heater itself is formed from a thin plate and has a highdegree of permeability and therefore, the heater can be arranged on theback (FIG. 7) or front (FIG. 6) surface of the liquid crystal elementwithout limiting the use of the heater to the position shown in the FIG.5 embodiment. Moreover, since the heat generating portion is obtained byapplying the etching treatment thereto, the size of the openings thereofor the thickness of frame portions which form a mesh, and the like canbe varied according to the application and the area of the liquidcrystal element. Furthermore, the mesh portion is integrally formedinstead of being formed by connection, and therefore, there occurs noinconvenience in that the heat generating distribution is notconcentrated on extreme portions.

While not illustrated in the embodiments, it will be understood that ifa plurality of liquid crystal elements are aligned, a heat generatingportion can be formed only for that portion corresponding to an area ofthe respective liquid crystal elements.

Furthermore, the mesh-like heat generating body can be disposed on thefront surface or the rear surface of the liquid crystal element. In thiscase, it is possible to prevent a display pattern of the liquid crystalelement from being visualized from outside when a lamp is not lit. Also,the mesh-like heater can shield the liquid crystal element and thereforehas an effect than an erroneous operation of the liquid crystal elementresulting from external noise and the charged resin case of the devicemay be prevented. In the event the mesh-like heat generating body isarranged on the rear surface of the liquid crystal element, saidmesh-like heat generating body and a permeable reflecting plate arelaminated together by an ultraviolet hardening type adhesive to providean integral configuration. In the event the mesh-like heat generatingbody is arranged on the front surface of the liquid crystal element, usecan be made of a mesh-like heat generating body formed with a latticeportion having a size corresponding to a display pattern of the liquidcrystal element.

Finally, the present invention has additional applications as describedbelow. That is, the mesh-like heat generating body 2 may be disposed onthe rear surface of a side mirror of an automobile (FIG. 8) to preventdew formation on and frost adherence to the side mirrors during thewinter season. In addition, the mesh-like heat generating body can beused to heat an electro-luminescence element (FIG. 9). Moreover, themesh-like heat generating body can be disposed upon (FIG. 10a) or within(FIG. 10b) a lens of a head lamp for an automobile.

What is claimed is:
 1. A planar heater having two opposing major planarsurfaces for use with a side mirror of a vehicle characterized in that avery thin highly flexible metal plate having a relatively high specificresistance has its central portion, which extends directly betweenopposite ends of said metal plate, subjected to etch-working to form amesh-like heat generating body which is disposed on and affixed to arear surface of a side mirror reflecting member; the opposite ends ofsaid heat generating body being arranged so that the mesh-like body hasan electrical path length which is the same as a distance between saidopposite ends and being provided with terminals for connection to anelectrical circuit; andmeans for directly affixing one major planarsurface of the heater to said rear surface of the mirror to conform to acurvature of said mirror while an opposite surface of said mirror iscompletely uncovered.
 2. The planar heater of claim 1, wherein thethickness of the metal plate is in the range of 30μ to 40μ.
 3. A planarheater for a head lamp of an automobile characterized in that a verythin highly flexible metal plate having a relatively high specificresistance is subjected to etching-working to form a mesh-like heatgenerating body, opposite ends of which are provided with terminalportions for connection into an electrical circuit;said mesh-like heatgenerating body being disposed adjacent to and affixed to a lens of ahead lamp; said mesh-like body having openings sufficient in size andnumber to cause the mesh-like body to intercept only a very small amountof the light passing through said lens; and means for directly affixingthe heater to one surface of the head lamp.
 4. The planar heater ofclaim 3, wherein the thickness of the metal plate is in the range of 30μto 40μ.
 5. The planar heater of claim 3 wherein the ends of said heaterare solid continuous portions with the mesh-like portion being formedthere between said terminals being connected to said ends.
 6. The planarheater of claim 3 wherein said head lamp is provided with a transparentlens and said planar heater is imbedded in said lens.